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What is diabetes?
Diabetes is a life-long disease in which there are high levels of sugar in the blood. People with diabetes have high blood glucose (sugar) because their pancreas does not make enough insulin, or because their muscle, fat, and liver cells do not respond to insulin normally. Some people with diabetes experience both of these problems.

Insulin
The role of insulin is to transport glucose from the bloodstream to the muscle, fat, and liver cells, where it is used as fuel. When there is not enough insulin or the insulin is not functioning properly, these muscle, fat, and liver cells are not getting the fuel they need. Insulin is made in the pancreas. People with Type 2 Diabetes have to take their insulin through injections. There is no pill, because if you ingested insulin, it would be broken down like any protein.

Signs and Symptoms
High levels of glucose in the blood cause several problems. If you are experiencing these symptoms, it is possible that you have one of the three types of diabetes, which will be explained later.


Increased thirst
Increased urination
Weight loss despite increased appetite
Fatigue
Nausea
Vomiting
Blurry vision
Slow-healing infections
Impotence in men
In some cases, symptoms will not appear at all because the disease develops so slowly. Therefore, if you have a history of diabetes in the family, you should consult a doctor even if you are not experiencing symptoms.

Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia
Part of living with diabetes is learning how to deal with the problems that come with the disease. Since the insulin is not functioning properly in your body, often a problem that results is abnormal levels of sugar. When the blood sugar level is too low, it is called hypoglycemia. When it is too high, it is called hyperglycemia. You always need to remain vigilant of your blood sugar levels.
When your blood sugar levels are too low, the quickest way to treat it is by having five or six pieces of hard candy or a glass of juice. When your blood sugar levels are too high, exercise can often bring them down.

Ketones
Ketones are acids that build up in the blood. They are produced by the breakdown of fat and muscle, and they are toxic at high levels. People with diabetes are at risk of having high levels of ketones. Ketones in the blood cause a condition called "acidosis" (low blood pH). Urine testing detects both glucose and ketones in the urine.

 

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